Patient Adherence to Home Exercise Programs in Outpatient Physical Therapy

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.63345/ijrmp.v14.i11.3

Raghav Agarwal

TCS

Greater Noida, UP, India

raghavagarwal4998@gmail.com

Abstract
Patient adherence to home exercise programs (HEPs) is a critical determinant of successful rehabilitation in outpatient physical therapy, yet approximately 30–70% of patients fail to fully comply with prescribed regimens. Non-adherence undermines functional gains, prolongs recovery, and increases healthcare utilization. This systematic review synthesizes evidence from 45 studies (20 randomized trials, 15 cohort analyses, and 10 qualitative investigations) published between 2000 and 2025, examining adherence rates, barriers, facilitators, and intervention strategies. Key patient-level barriers include low self-efficacy, unclear understanding of exercise benefits, and psychosocial factors. Therapy-level challenges involve regimen complexity and suboptimal therapist–patient communication. System-level impediments encompass limited access to resources and inconsistent program delivery. Behavioral contracts with SMART goal setting yield adherence improvements of 30–40%, while motivational interviewing fosters intrinsic motivation and a 25–35% increase in compliance. Educational enhancements—such as illustrated booklets and video demonstrations—boost adherence by up to 30%, and digital interventions (mobile apps, reminders, wearable sensors) further improve compliance by 20–25%. Multi-modal protocols integrating behavioral, educational, and technological elements achieve the highest adherence rates (>90%) and correlate with superior clinical outcomes. We propose a comprehensive, evidence-based framework for outpatient therapists to enhance HEP adherence, optimize patient outcomes, and reduce healthcare costs.

Keywords
Home exercise program, adherence, outpatient physical therapy, patient compliance, self-efficacy, motivational interviewing, telehealth, digital reminders

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• Jayaraman, K. D., & Er. Siddharth. (2025). Harnessing the Power of Entity Framework Core for Scalable Database Solutions. Journal of Quantum Science and Technology (JQST), 2(1), Jan(151–171). Retrieved from https://jqst.org/index.php/j/article/view/156
• Choudhary Rajesh, Siddharth, and Ujjawal Jain. 2024. Real-Time Billing Systems for Multi-Tenant SaaS Ecosystems. International Journal of All Research Education and Scientific Methods 12(12):4934. Available online at: www.ijaresm.com.
• Bulani, P. R., & Khan, D. S. (2025). Advanced Techniques for Intraday Liquidity Management. Journal of Quantum Science and Technology (JQST), 2(1), Jan(196–217). Retrieved from https://jqst.org/index.php/j/article/view/158
• Katyayan, Shashank Shekhar, and Prof. (Dr.) Avneesh Kumar. 2024. Impact of Data-Driven Insights on Supply Chain Optimization. International Journal of All Research Education and Scientific Methods (IJARESM), 12(12): 5052. Available online at: www.ijaresm.com.
• Desai , P. B., & Balasubramaniam, V. S. (2025). Real-Time Data Replication with SLT: Applications and Case Studies. Journal of Quantum Science and Technology (JQST), 2(1), Jan(296–320). Retrieved from https://jqst.org/index.php/j/article/view/162
• Gudavalli, Sunil, Saketh Reddy Cheruku, Dheerender Thakur, Prof. (Dr) MSR Prasad, Dr. Sanjouli Kaushik, and Prof. (Dr) Punit Goel. (2024). Role of Data Engineering in Digital Transformation Initiative. International Journal of Worldwide Engineering Research, 02(11):70-84.
• Ravi, Vamsee Krishna, Aravind Ayyagari, Kodamasimham Krishna, Punit Goel, Akshun Chhapola, and Arpit Jain. (2023). Data Lake Implementation in Enterprise Environments. International Journal of Progressive Research in Engineering Management and Science (IJPREMS), 3(11):449–469.
• Jampani, S., Gudavalli, S., Ravi, V. K., Goel, O., Jain, A., & Kumar, L. (2022). Advanced natural language processing for SAP data insights. International Journal of Research in Modern Engineering and Emerging Technology (IJRMEET), 10(6), Online International, Refereed, Peer-Reviewed & Indexed Monthly Journal. ISSN: 2320-6586.
• Goel, P. & Singh, S. P. (2009). Method and Process Labor Resource Management System. International Journal of Information Technology, 2(2), 506-512.
• Singh, S. P. & Goel, P. (2010). Method and process to motivate the employee at performance appraisal system. International Journal of Computer Science & Communication, 1(2), 127-130.
• Goel, P. (2012). Assessment of HR development framework. International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanities, 3(1), Article A1014348. https://doi.org/10.32804/irjmsh
• Goel, P. (2016). Corporate world and gender discrimination. International Journal of Trends in Commerce and Economics, 3(6). Adhunik Institute of Productivity Management and Research, Ghaziabad.
• Kammireddy Changalreddy, Vybhav Reddy, and Shubham Jain. 2024. AI-Powered Contracts Analysis for Risk Mitigation and Monetary Savings. International Journal of All Research Education and Scientific Methods (IJARESM) 12(12): 5089. Available online at: www.ijaresm.com. ISSN: 2455-6211.
• Gali , V. kumar, & Bindewari, S. (2025). Cloud ERP for Financial Services Challenges and Opportunities in the Digital Era. Journal of Quantum Science and Technology (JQST), 2(1), Jan(340–364). Retrieved from https://jqst.org/index.php/j/article/view/160
• Vignesh Natarajan, Prof.(Dr.) Vishwadeepak Singh Baghela,, Framework for Telemetry-Driven Reliability in Large-Scale Cloud Environments , IJRAR – International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR), E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138, Volume.11, Issue 4, Page No pp.8-28, December 2024, Available at : http://www.ijrar.org/IJRAR24D3370.pdf
• Sayata, Shachi Ghanshyam, Ashish Kumar, Archit Joshi, Om Goel, Dr. Lalit Kumar, and Prof. Dr. Arpit Jain. 2024. Designing User Interfaces for Financial Risk Assessment and Analysis. International Journal of Progressive Research in Engineering Management and Science (IJPREMS) 4(4): 2163–2186. doi: https://doi.org/10.58257/IJPREMS33233.
• Garudasu, S., Arulkumaran, R., Pagidi, R. K., Singh, D. S. P., Kumar, P. (Dr) S., & Jain, S. (2024). Integrating Power Apps and Azure SQL for Real-Time Data Management and Reporting. Journal of Quantum Science and Technology (JQST), 1(3), Aug(86–116). Retrieved from https://jqst.org/index.php/j/article/view/110.
• Garudasu, Swathi, Ashish Kumar, Archit Joshi, Om Goel, Lalit Kumar, and Arpit Jain. 2024. Implementing Row-Level Security in Power BI: Techniques for Securing Data in Live Connection Reports. International Journal of Progressive Research in Engineering Management and Science (IJPREMS) 4(4): 2187-2204. doi:10.58257/IJPREMS33232.
• Garudasu, Swathi, Ashwath Byri, Sivaprasad Nadukuru, Om Goel, Niharika Singh, and Prof. (Dr) Arpit Jain. 2024. Building Interactive Dashboards for Improved Decision-Making: A Guide to Power BI and DAX. International Journal of Worldwide Engineering Research 02(11): 188-209.
• Dharmapuram, S., Ganipaneni, S., Kshirsagar, R. P., Goel, O., Jain, P. (Dr.) A., & Goel, P. (Dr.) P. (2024). Leveraging Generative AI in Search Infrastructure: Building Inference Pipelines for Enhanced Search Results. Journal of Quantum Science and Technology (JQST), 1(3), Aug(117–145). Retrieved from https://jqst.org/index.php/j/article/view/111.
• Dharmapuram, Suraj, Rahul Arulkumaran, Ravi Kiran Pagidi, Dr. S. P. Singh, Prof. (Dr.) Sandeep Kumar, and Shalu Jain. 2024. Enhancing Data Reliability and Integrity in Distributed Systems Using Apache Kafka and Spark. International Journal of Worldwide Engineering Research 02(11): 210-232.
• Mane, Hrishikesh Rajesh, Aravind Ayyagari, Rahul Arulkumaran, Om Goel, Dr. Lalit Kumar, and Prof. (Dr.) Arpit Jain. “OpenAI API Integration in Education: AI Coaches for Technical Interviews.” International Journal of Worldwide Engineering Research 02(11):341-358. doi: 5.212. e-ISSN: 2584-1645.
• Mane, Hrishikesh Rajesh, Priyank Mohan, Phanindra Kumar, Niharika Singh, Punit Goel, and Om Goel. “Automating Career Site Monitoring with Custom Machine Learning Pipelines.” International Journal of Progressive Research in Engineering Management and Science (IJPREMS) 4(5):169–183. doi:10.58257/IJPREMS33977.
• Bisetty, S. S. S. S., Chamarthy, S. S., Balasubramaniam, V. S., Prasad, P. (Dr) M., Kumar, P. (Dr) S., & Vashishtha, P. (Dr) S. “Analyzing Vendor Evaluation Techniques for On-Time Delivery Optimization.” Journal of Quantum Science and Technology (JQST) 1(4), Nov(58–87). Retrieved from https://jqst.org.
• Satya Sukumar Bisetty, Sanyasi Sarat, Ashish Kumar, Murali Mohana Krishna Dandu, Punit Goel, Arpit Jain, and Aman Shrivastav. “Data Integration Strategies in Retail and Manufacturing ERP Implementations.” International Journal of Worldwide Engineering Research 2(11):121-138. doi: 2584-1645.
• Bisetty, Sanyasi Sarat Satya Sukumar, Imran Khan, Satish Vadlamani, Lalit Kumar, Punit Goel, and S. P. Singh. “Implementing Disaster Recovery Plans for ERP Systems in Regulated Industries.” International Journal of Progressive Research in Engineering Management and Science (IJPREMS) 4(5):184–200. doi:10.58257/IJPREMS33976.
• Kar, Arnab, Rahul Arulkumaran, Ravi Kiran Pagidi, S. P. Singh, Sandeep Kumar, and Shalu Jain. “Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) in Robotics: Enhancing Simulation and Control.” International Journal of Progressive Research in Engineering Management and Science (IJPREMS) 4(5):201–217. doi:10.58257/IJPREMS33975.