Effectiveness of Personalized mRNA Vaccines for Emerging Infectious Diseases

DOI: https://doi.org/10.63345/ijrmp.org.v10.i2.3

Jay Joshi

Pune, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Recent advancements in mRNA vaccine technology have accelerated vaccine development against emerging infectious diseases. Personalized mRNA vaccines, which tailor immunogens to an individual’s antigenic profile or the specific sequence characteristics of a pathogen outbreak, represent a transformative approach in preventive medicine. This manuscript examines the effectiveness of these vaccines by reviewing literature up to 2020, presenting a statistical analysis of early efficacy studies, and discussing methodologies used in personalized vaccine development. Our findings indicate that personalized mRNA vaccines can elicit robust immune responses, offer rapid adaptability to pathogen mutations, and have potential in reducing morbidity during outbreaks. Nevertheless, challenges including manufacturing scalability and individual variability in immune responses must be addressed to fully realize their clinical utility.

Keywords

Personalized mRNA vaccines; emerging infectious diseases; vaccine effectiveness; immunogenicity; outbreak management

References

• https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fmolecular-therapy-family%2Fmolecular-therapy%2Ffulltext%2FS1525-0016%252823%252900601-9&psig=AOvVaw09SqT8VOcGAbAjx1IllkMi&ust=1741272099651000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBQQjRxqFwoTCKi40ZyW84sDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAE
• Pardi, N., Hogan, M. J., Porter, F. W., & Weissman, D. (2018). mRNA vaccines—a new era in vaccinology. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 17(4), 261–279.
• Sahin, U., Karikó, K., & Türeci, Ö. (2014). mRNA-based therapeutics—developing a new class of drugs. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 13(10), 759–780.
• Verbeke, R., Lentacker, I., De Smedt, S. C., & Dewitte, H. (2019). Three decades of messenger RNA vaccine development. Nano Today, 28, 100766.
• Lutz, J., Lazzaro, S., Habbeddine, M., Schmidt, K. E., Baumhof, P., Mui, B. L., et al. (2017). Unmodified mRNA in LNPs constitutes a competitive technology for prophylactic vaccines. NPJ Vaccines, 2, 29.
• Jackson, N. A. C., Kester, K. E., Casimiro, D., Gurunathan, S., & DeRosa, F. (2020). The promise of mRNA vaccines: A biotech and industrial perspective. NPJ Vaccines, 5, 11.
• Geall, A. J., et al. (2012). Non-viral delivery of self-amplifying RNA vaccines. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(36), 14604–14609.
• Karikó, K., Buckstein, M., Ni, H., & Weissman, D. (2005). Suppression of RNA recognition by Toll-like receptors: The impact of nucleoside modification and the evolutionary origin of RNA. Immunity, 23(2), 165–175.
• Pardi, N., Muramatsu, H., Weissman, D., & Karikó, K. (2015). Expression kinetics of nucleoside-modified mRNA delivered in lipid nanoparticles reveals a prolonged protein expression and a potent immune response. Molecular Therapy, 23(6), 1020–1027.
• Krammer, F. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in development. Nature, 586(7830), 516–527.
• Pollard, A. J., & Bijker, E. M. (2020). A guide to vaccinology: From basic principles to new developments. Nature Reviews Immunology, 20(2), 80–101.
• Anderson, R. M., et al. (2020). Challenges in vaccine development and the impact of emerging infectious diseases. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20(11), e290–e298.
• Leav, B. A., et al. (2015). The potential of mRNA vaccines for the prevention of infectious diseases. Current Opinion in Molecular Therapeutics, 17(5), 531–536.
• Schlake, T., Thess, A., Fotin-Mleczek, M., & Kallen, K. J. (2012). Developing mRNA-vaccine technologies. RNA Biology, 9(11), 1319–1330.
• Brito, L. A., et al. (2015). Advances in mRNA vaccine design: Formulations and delivery strategies. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 87, 11–15.
• Petsch, B., Schnee, M., Vogel, A. B., Lange, E., Hoffmann, B., Voss, D., et al. (2012). Protective efficacy of in vitro synthesized, specific mRNA vaccines against influenza A virus infection. Nature Biotechnology, 30(12), 1210–1216.
• Debin, S. L., & Gregory, C. D. (2018). Personalized immunization: A precision medicine approach. Vaccine, 36(15), 2027–2032.
• Iwasaki, A., & Medzhitov, R. (2015). Control of adaptive immunity by the innate immune system. Nature Immunology, 16(4), 343–349.
• Ledgerwood, J. E., et al. (2011). A robust and scalable platform for the production of mRNA vaccines. Vaccine, 29(13), 2369–2376.
• Weide, B., et al. (2011). A phase I study of mRNA vaccination in metastatic melanoma patients. Journal of Immunotherapy, 34(9), 778–786.
• Pardi, N., Weissman, D., & Karikó, K. (2018). mRNA vaccine technology and its applications for infectious diseases. Current Opinion in Immunology, 53, 1–7.